LOUDOUN

From the parish of Loudoun in Ayrshire, Scotland. The name is compounded of Law and dun, a pleonasm, as both words signify a hill. The hill-hill.

BOWES

This surname, according to Grose, originated as follows : about the time of the Conqueror, there was a town (on the site of the Castle of Bowes), which the tradition of the family states, was burned. It then belonged to the Earls of Brittany and Richmond. The castle was built, as Mr. Horseley thinks, out of the ruins of the Roman Fortress, by Alan Niger, the second earl of that title, who, it is said, placed therein William, his relation, with five hundred archers to defend it against some insurgents in Cambridge and Westmorland confederated with the Scots, giving him for the device of his standard the arms of Brittany, with three bows and a bundle of arrows, whence both the castle and the commander derived their names; the former being called Bowes Castle, and the latter, William de Arcubus, or William Bowes.

HERMAN

(Sax.) From Here, an army, and man. A man of the army; a soldier. Here and Hare signify both an army and lord.

MALMESBURY

From the town of Malmesbury in Wiltshire, England, said to be so called by Malmutius, a king of the Britons. It was anciently called Maidulphesburgh, from Maidulph, a Scottish saint and hermit who binlt an abbey there, and opened a school. Bede writes it Adelmes-birig, from Adelm, the scholar of Maidulph; others derive it from a part of the names both of the scholar and teacher.

SCOTT

A native of Scotland. Nennius uses both Seythoe and Scotti indifferently. Strabo considers Seythoe and Nomades synonymous terms. The original word in Ossian is Seuta, which literally signifies restless wanderer, henoe the propriety of the name Scuite or Scot.

BRANDRETH

Bailey defines this name the curb of a well, but I think the name is local, and may be derived aa follows: Bran, both Welsh and Gaelic, signifies a swift river, and dreth, the sandy shore or strand. Brandreth may also mean the sandy shore frequented by wild-fowl, from Bran, a crow, and dreth, as above. Brwyndreth, in Welsh, denotes the shore abounding with rushes, from brwyn, rushes, and treth, the shore. I prefer, however, to use Bran in the sense of dark, black, and then we have the dark shore, or water, or a place on the shore of the river Bran.

CLAVERING

Local. First assumed by the proprietors of the barony of Clavering, in Essex, England, near the springhead of the river Tort. Derived from the Anglo-Saxon cloefer, or Belgic klaver, both denoting clover; and ing, a meadow, a pasture the clover-fields.

HOTHAM

Assumed from the place of residence, Hotham in Yorkshire, probably derived from the Saxon word Hod, a hood or covering, and ham, a house, farm, or village, or a piece of ground near a house or village, both of which terms are applicable to the situation of Hotham. Houtham signifies a place at or near a wood, from the Dutch Hout, a wood.

ARBUTHNOT

Local. First assumed by the proprietors of the land and barony of Arbuthnot in the Mearns, Scotland. The name is said to have been anciently written Aberbuthnoth, which signifies the dwelling near the confluence of the river with the sea, from Aber, the mouth of a river, both, a dwelling, and neth, a stream that descends, or is lower than some other relative object.

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